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Criminal proceedings for unpaid maintenance

Review the obligation and capacity to pay.

We analyze the resolution that sets the benefit, the period claimed, the payments made and the documented economic situation. Criminal proceedings and civil execution have different functions and should be coordinated without confusing their effects.

What should be reviewed?

227 Requires specific requirements. Insolvency cannot simply be equated with a criminal refusal to pay. The contribution of payments may be relevant, but it does not automatically make it possible to state that the criminal proceedings are over.

What can you prepare?

Spanish Criminal Code · art. 227

Understanding to Decide

Related legal terms

Cases related to this service

Supreme Court · Second Chamber

Criteria related to this service

View the 1 related Supreme Court case ↗

Answers to guide you

Questions and answers about this service

19 Brief answers with references to official regulations.

How many non-payments can result in the crime of pensions?

The periodic assumption of article 227 provides for two consecutive months or four non-consecutive months of non-payment, in addition to the remaining requirements of the offence.

Spanish Criminal Code · art. 227
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Is any debt between former partners a criminal non-payment of maintenance?

No. The benefit must fit into the legal circumstances and be fixed in a judicially approved agreement or judicial decision, with other requirements of the type.

Spanish Criminal Code · art. 227
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Does not having income always exclude responsibility?

Actual capacity to pay and voluntary behaviour should be analysed. An effective impossibility does not amount to a decision to default being able to pay.

Spanish Criminal Code · art. 5, art. 227
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Is being unemployed allowing me to stop paying just like that?

It does not change the family resolution alone. Actual income and resources should be valued and, where appropriate, requested for amendment by the appropriate means.

Spanish Criminal Code · art. 227
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Does paying only one party prevent crime?

Not automatically. The entity of the omitted, the economic capacity and the whole of the non-compliance are imported; the specific case should be considered.

Spanish Criminal Code · art. 227
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Can I make up for the pension with gifts to my children?

You must not automatically equate them with due judicial payment. The content of the obligation and whether there is legally valid compliance must be checked.

Spanish Criminal Code · art. 227
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Don't let me see my kids let me stop paying?

No. The conflict over visits must be channeled in its own way and does not eliminate the judicially fixed economic obligation.

Spanish Criminal Code · art. 227
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Does paying after the complaint always close the case?

Not necessarily. Payment may repair the damage and influence the penalty, but it should be examined whether a criminal breach has already occurred.

Spanish Criminal Code · art. 21, art. 227
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Does the repair include pensions that were not paid?

Yeah. Article 227 provides that compensation for the damage always involves payment of the amounts due as a result of the offence.

Spanish Criminal Code · art. 227
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Can the non-payment of a fixed one-time benefit be reported?

Article 227.2 provides for certain joint or one-off financial obligations. It must be noted that the obligation and the assumption fit in with its regulation.

Spanish Criminal Code · art. 227
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Who can report a non-payment of maintenance?

Persecution is subject to the complaint regime of the aggrieved person or his or her representative, with the intervention of Public Prosecutor’s Office in the cases envisaged.

Spanish Criminal Code · art. 228
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Does criminal procedure always replace civil execution?

No. They are routes with requirements and different objectives that must be coordinated, avoiding doubling the collection of the same debt.

Spanish Criminal Procedure Act · art. 100, art. 112
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Can the criminal sentence change the future pension?

Criminal proceedings for non-payment do not replace family proceedings for modification of the benefit. Past responsibility and future obligation must be distinguished.

Spanish Criminal Code · art. 227
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Hiding property so as not to pay can be another crime?

Yes, if there are elements of frustration of execution or other type. It is not enough to claim a debt: the relevant patrimonial acts must be established.

Spanish Criminal Code · art. 257
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Is a criminal fine possible instead of a prison?

Section 227.1 provides for imprisonment or a fine. The choice and individualization require attention to the facts and the legal rules.

Spanish Criminal Code · art. 227
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Does a conviction for non-payment generate a record?

Yes, if it's criminal and firm. The cancellation depends on the sentence imposed, its extinction and the legal period without any further offence.

Spanish Criminal Code · art. 136
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What do I wear if I want to report the default?

The resolution or agreement approved, a monthly statement of due, proof of collection and requirements help to establish the non-compliance and the proof.

Spanish Criminal Code · art. 227
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What do I wear if I'm reported and I couldn't afford it?

Document income, benefits, essential expenses, goods, payments made and economic changes. The defence must explain the actual capacity during the accused periods.

Spanish Criminal Procedure Act · art. 118
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Does talking about economic violence avoid proving the crime of non-payment?

No. This expression may describe the impact of non-compliance, but does not substitute for legal requirements or evidence of criminally responsible conduct.

Spanish Criminal Code · art. 227
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Related case law

Family and successions

The other part of your situation.

In Matrimonialistas you will find information about related civil actions and claims.

Unpaid maintenance in Spain: considering criminal proceedings

Read transcript

Several maintenance payments are missing. Does non-payment alone establish a crime in Spain? No. The criminal requirements and financial circumstances need to be examined.

Bring the court order or approved agreement, bank statements and a month-by-month comparison of amounts due and received. Adjustments and extraordinary expenses should be kept separate. Civil enforcement and criminal proceedings have different requirements and procedures.

The criminal assessment includes the obligation imposed and the ability to comply. If the paying person's income has fallen, they should not assume that the obligation has disappeared: appropriate legal measures need consideration. If you are claiming payment, document the debt without including amounts already received.

At penal.info, we coordinate the criminal review with family-law issues. Start by organising the order and payment records. Those documents help establish what can be claimed and through which route.

Book an appointment with María Morales at penal.info.

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Understanding your situation is the first step.

Consult with María Morales Elbaz, lawyer in Madrid.

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